22个苹果品种和砧木试管苗对热处理脱毒效应的研究

Responses of twenty-two apple cultivars and rootstocks to thermotherapy for virus elimination in vitro

用RT-PCR对22个苹果品种和砧木携带3种潜隐性病毒的情况进行了检测,并用变温热处理结合茎尖培养对22个苹果品种和砧木组培苗脱除潜隐性病毒的效应进行了研究。结果表明:不同的苹果品种和砧木耐热性不同。其中‘王林’、‘乔纳金’、‘嘎啦’、‘金冠’、‘珠美海棠’、‘P22’的耐热性最强;‘GM256’、‘弘前’、‘SH’系耐热性最差;‘惠民短枝富士’、‘浓红富士’、‘天红1号’、‘B9’、‘M9’、‘P59’、‘77-34’、‘天红2号’、‘Jazz’的耐热性居中。在相同处理条件下,不同的苹果基因型脱毒率存在差异。‘惠民短枝富士’、‘SH17’、‘M9’、‘GM256’、‘弘前’脱毒率最高,‘77-34’、‘P59’、‘P22’、‘天红1号’次之,‘乔纳金’、‘SH40’、‘SH38’、‘浓红富士’的脱毒率最低。另外,不同病毒种类脱除的难易程度也存有差异,ACLSV最容易脱除,ASGV最难脱除,ASPV居中。

3 latent viruses in 22 apple cultivars and rootstocks were detected by RT- PCR technology, and their responses to alternating heat therapy in combination with shoot tip culture for virus elimination in vitro were studied. The results showed that the heat resistance was different among these 22 apple cultivars and rootstocks, of which ‘ Orin＇, ‘ Jonagold＇,‘ Gala’ ,‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Zumi’ and ‘P22 ’ exhibited the highest heat resistance,‘Huimin spur Fuji＇,‘Deepred Fuji＇,‘Tianhong No. 1＇,‘Bg＇,‘Mg’,‘Psg＇,‘77-34＇,‘Tianhong No. 2’and ‘Jazz’ presented the moderate heat resistance,and that of ‘GM256’ , ‘Hirosaki’ and ‘SH ’ series was the lowest. The apple latent virus elimination rate of different apple genotypes under the same treatment was different. The virus elimination rate of ‘Huimin Spur Fuji’,‘SH17 ’, ‘ M9’, ‘GM286 ’ and ‘ Hirosakis ’ was the highest, followed by ‘ 77-34 ’ , ‘ P59’, ‘ P22 ’ and ‘ Tian- hong No. 1 ＇,and that of ‘Jonagold＇,‘SH40 ＇,‘ SHa8＇ and ＇Deep Red Fuji＇ was the lowest. The availability of virus elimination depended on its species. The apple chlorotie leaf spot virus （ACLSV） was the easiest to eliminate,followed by apple stem pitting virus（ASPV）,and apple stem grooving virus （ASGV） was the most difficult .