1368-1911年涑水河流域洪涝灾害研究

Study on flood disasters of the Su River Basin in the 1368-1911

通过对历史文献资料的搜集、整理、分析,对1368-1911年间山西涑水河流域洪涝灾害的时间、空间特征、灾害的等级序列和灾害成因进行了研究。结果表明:1368-1911年涑水河流域共发生洪涝灾害88次,平均每6.17年发生1次。季节性强,大多数涝灾主要发生在夏秋两季,尤以阴历6、7、8月份最为集中。该流域洪涝灾害主要集中在中下游干流沿岸,尤以中游的安邑、解州、临晋、猗氏等州县受灾最为频繁。根据涝灾的等级序列可知,流域1级大涝多于2级偏涝。该流域洪涝灾害的发生主要由降雨特征和流域自身的地形地理条件等因素所决定,而人类活动对天然植被的破坏、以及为保护盐池对中游河段多次改道等起到了加剧洪涝灾害发生的作用。

By interpreting and analyzing the historical materials, the temporal and spatial distribution, grade series and formation cause of flood disasters in the Shanxi Province of the Su River Basin in 1368 - 1911 were studied. The results showed that 88 flood disasters occurred in the Su River Basin in 1368 - 1911, and a flood disaster occurred every 6.17 years in average. Seasonal flood disasters occurred mainly in the summer and fall, especially in the month of the lunar calendar 6, 7, 8. Flood disasters occurred mainly in the regions along the mainstream in the middle and lower reaches of the Su River Basin, especially in Anyi, Jiezhou, Linjin and Yishi. According to the grade series of flood disasters, the occurring frequency of flood disasters at first grade was the highest and for 57 times in the drainage basin in 1368 - 1911, which occupied 64.0% of the total flood disasters, and then that at second grade was for 31 times, which occupied 36.0% of the total. The highoccurring frequency of flood disasters in the drainage basin in 1368 -1911 was mainly caused by climatic fluctuation and other natural factors, such as the topographical conditions and heavy rainfall, and the occurring frequency and intensity of flood disasters were increased under the natural vegetation destruction, as well as for the protection of the salt pond on the middle reaches of the river diversion.