我国公法救济的体系与完善

On the System and Its Perfection of Public Law Remedies in China

公法救济法律关系的背景是"公对私"的侵权、"私与公"的争议,涉及的最主要权力领域是行政权。根据现有法律,我国最主要的公法救济途径包括行政诉讼、行政复议、国家赔偿、行政补偿、行政调解和信访六种。这些制度的产生、存在均有一定的法律基础并同共和国一起经历了半个多世纪的发展过程;由于规范这些制度的法律出台时间不一,立法时对其他相关制度的关注不足,导致了不同公法救济途径之间的衔接不够,影响了公法救济体系的系统性和有效性。为此,应从观念和立法两个方面加以完善。

In light of the infringement of private interests by public power and the controversy between public power and private interests, public law remedies focus mainly on the administrative power. In accordance with the existing laws, public law remedies can be exercised by six approaches as administrative litigation ; administrative reconsideration ; state compensation; administrative compensation; administrative mediation and letters and visits. Due to different promulgation time and lack of concern by legislation, these systems have caused inconsistency of different public law remedies and affected the system and effectiveness thereof, which should be perfected from ideological and legislative perspectives.