示范诉讼的价值再塑与实践考察

The Reevaluation of Test Action and Review in Practice

在我国群体性纠纷多发的背景下,深入挖掘示范诉讼的存在价值,将其积极运用于民事诉讼领域,是当前纠纷解决的必然要求。从价值维度来衡量,示范诉讼机制的运行,应达到促使裁判一致化、提高诉讼效率的效果,并在程序进行中注重发挥法官的诉讼指挥权和公共政策的延伸功能。在将示范诉讼从学理上划分为"部分请求型"、"先决关系型"和"同类纷争型"并提炼实践中各种准"示范诉讼"形态的基础上,应当从示范诉讼的各个价值维度出发,细化、充实示范诉讼的程序规范。这一思路可以延展为两个操作层面:一是由双方当事人缔结各类示范诉讼契约,如"示范判决拘束力协议"、"停止争讼协议"、"示范诉讼当事人择定和权限的协议"等;二是由法院适度行使诉讼指挥权,依职权择定示范诉讼当事人,采取优先审理等效率策略,并对未出庭当事人的利益予以关注和保护。

In light of the high occurrence of group disputes in China, it is necessary to probe into values of test action and actively apply it in civil actions to resolve disputes. From the value perspective, the operation of test action may felicitate judgments consistency, enhance litigation efficiency, strengthen the judge＇ s decision -making power, and extend effects of public policy. In theory, test action can be classified into three types of ＂partial -claim test action＂, ＂pre -legal nexus test action＂ and ＂ homogeneous test action＂. In addi- tion, based on various ＂quasi - test action＂ in practice, the author suggests that to enrich the value of test action, the procedures should be normalized from two aspects in operation： first, by agreements concluded by parties concerned, such as ＂the binding agreement to test action judgment＂, ＂agreement to suspending litigation＂, ＂agreement to choosing representatives and their rights in test action＂ ; second, by exertion of judge＇ s decision - making power, such as choosing the representative, taking priority to hearing cases, and protecting interests of parties other than representatives.