朱陆情谊与理学分派——对朱熹哲学范型流变的探讨

Friendship between Zhu and Lu and the Factions of New-Confucianism——A Study on the Changes of Zhu Xi's Philosophy in Patterns

朱熹与陆九渊生于同时代,两人各自授徒讲学,学术虽有异,难得的两次面对面的学问交流和商讨却情谊多于龃龉。学术之不同,并不妨碍两家同时并存,诚如清代学者章学诚所言,朱陆"千古不可合之同异,亦千古不可无之同异",于是,哲学史上便有了理学分派的描述。表面上看,朱陆的学术分歧在于对"理"的不同认识,后者的认识在明代理学中发展为"陆王心学"一派,且影响到清代。究其实,从宋至清,朱子哲学的形式和内容时或小有变化,但朱熹所建立的理学体系的框架没有根本性的变化。可以说,在历史的沿替中仅仅发生了朱子学范型的流变。

Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan lived at the same time but gave lectures respectively. However, it is friendship, instead of discord, that stands out in their mere two times of face-to-face academic meeting and communication though they held different academic opinions. As the historian in the Qing dynasty history. Generally speaking, Zhu and Lu differed in the explanation about ＂Li （reason）＂, and afterward Lu＇s theory was developed into ＂Lu Wang philosophy of the mind （ Lu Wang Xin Xue）＂ which had an impact on learning of the Qing dynasty by Neo-Confucianism scholars of the Ming dynasty. To be specific, over a long time from Song till Qing dynasty the neo-Confucianism created by Zhu Xi did not change except their form and a few details while the framework and foundation remained the same as Zhu＇s, which means it just underwent changes in the patterns of Zhu Xi＇s philosophy.