人的发展经济学与政府社会福利改进的基础

Man's Development Economics and the Government's Social Welfare Improvement

先天禀赋和后天发展机遇的不同,决定了社会中财富创造者在现有制度环境下财富分配成果的不同。因此,贫富差距的存在具有一定的必然性。文章证明了基于经济人假设建立起来的经济学自身并不能解决财富的有效分配问题。新中国的发展历程告诉我们,解决贫富差距问题不能走"杀富济贫"的平均主义老路,而是要通过有效的制度安排,例如通过合理的税收转移支付为穷人建立适当的社会保障体系,以维持社会的长治久安。为此,文章建立了政府社会福利改进的基础模型,并对所建模型进行了数字模拟,最后还解析了模拟过程和结果的政策含义。

Because of man＇s difference between congenital endowments and acquired development opportunities, everybody＇s level of wealth determined in the existing systems is different although the wealth is created by them together. Therefore, the existence of gap between the rich and the poor has certain inevitability. This paper proves that the economics based on the hypothesis of ＂Economic Man＂ can not solve the problem of efficient allocation of wealth by itself. The development history of New China tells us that the problem of gap between the rich and the poor can not be resolved by the method of egalitarianism on the basic of ＂Seizing the Wealth of the Rich for the Poor＂, but by arranging effective distribution systems, such as establishing appropriately social security system by means of tax transfer payments for the poor, which will be helpful to maintain long-term stability of society. This paper sets up a model of government＇s social welfare improvement and conducts numerical simulations, and then explains their policy implications related to simulation processes and analysis results of the model. ment