以小分子二醇为扩链剂的聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能

Preparation and Performance of Polyurethane Elastomers Using Small Molecule Diols as Chain Extender

采用小分子二醇为扩链剂制备了具有不同性能的聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)材料,研究了小分子二醇用量对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响。结果表明:对于数均相对分子质量(Mn)为2000的聚酯多元醇CMA-24和聚己内酯多元醇PCL-220N而言,随着小分子二醇用量的增加,所合成的PUE断裂伸长率下降,硬度及100%或300%定伸强度增加,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)升高,阻尼因子tanδ最大值越来越低;对于Mn为3000的聚酯多元醇CMA-66而言,随着小分子二醇用量的增加,所合成的PUE的硬度、断裂伸长率下降,当小分子二醇(乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇(HDO))与CMA-66的物质的量比为1:1及2:1时,所制得PUE有2个Tg峰,当比值为3:1及4:1时,Tg为1个峰。当HDO与CMA-66的物质的量比由1:1增大到4:1时,所制PUE由完全不透明转变为透明。

Polyurethane elastomer materials with different performance were prepared using small molecule diols as chain extender. The influence of content of small molecule diols on performance of polyurethane elastomer was studied. The results show that when the dosage of small molecule diols increases, the elongation at break decreases, the hardness and tensile strength of 100%, 300% increase, Tg（glass transition temperature） rises, maximum value of tan δ becomes lower and lower, for the PUE made from polyester polyol CMA-24 or poly（ ε -caprolactone） polyol PCL-220N with the number average relative molecular mass（^-Mn）of 2 000. When the dosage of small molecule diols increases, hardness and elongation at break decrease, for the PUE made from polyester polyol CMA-66 with ^-Mn of 3000. When the molar ratio of small molecule diols （glycol or 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol） to CMA-66 is 1：1 or 2：1, the prepared PUE has two glass transition temperatures. When the molar ratio is 3：1 or 4：1. the prepared PUE has one glass transition temperature. When the molar ratio ofhexanediol to CMA-66 increases from 1：1 to 4：1. the PUE becomes from opaque to transparent.