渤海湾西部沿岸地区气温特征的观测研究

The observation research of temperature impacted by the sea land breeze in the coastal area of Western Bohai bay

在渤海湾西岸沿着垂直于海岸的方向从海边向内陆设置了4个自动气象观测站，以10min为时间间隔观测地面1．5m处气温。结合邻近气象台站的温度观测，分析渤海湾沿岸气温的时空变化特征。结果表明：秋、冬季气温升降迅速，夏季气温升降缓慢；冬季和夏季气温日较差小，秋季气温日较差大；日平均气温与目最低气温从海边向内陆逐渐降低，日最高气温和气温日较差从海边向内陆逐渐升高；夏季海陆风日的气温时空变化显著，海边地区的气温日变幅小，内陆地区的气温日变幅大，海陆温差随着离岸距离的增加而加大；秋、冬季海陆风日的海边和内陆之间的气温日变幅小，海边和内陆之间的海陆温差变幅基本相当；海陆风环流影响海岸地区气温的时间范围主要是海陆风日，空间范围从海边伸向内陆10km左右，最大范围从海边伸向内陆50～60km左右。

Four meteorological stations were set up in a line perpendicular to the western coast of Bohai bay from the coast to the inland. The temperatures at the height of 1.5 meters were observed at a ten minute interval. On the basis of meteorological data obtained from the observation and from meteoro- logical stations nearby, the temporal and spatial variations of temperature in Bohai bay area were analyzed. The results showed that the temperature had most significant variances in autumn and winter, but the smoothest variance in summer. And the daily mean temperature and lowest temperature both decrease from the coast to the inner land, whereas the daily highest temperature and temperature difference increase from the coast to the inner land. Sea-land breeze days in summer had significant temporal and spatial temperature variances with small daily temperature changes in the coastal area and large changes in inland area. The sea-land days in autumn and winter had small daily variances and similar sea-land temperature differences between coast and inner land. The sea-land breeze day is the time when coastal temperature was influenced by sea-land breeze circulations. And the impacted area was primarily determined as 10 km inland from the coast with the possible maximum value of 50 -60 km.