地质-地震储层预测技术及其在渤海海域的应用

Geology-Seismic Technique of Reservoir Prediction and Its Application in Bohai Offshore Area

利用地震进行储层预测是石油勘探的必要和必须技术,对高风险、高投入、钻井少的海上油气勘探来说具有更为重要的意义。地质-地震储层预测技术的核心是地震和地质的紧密结合。与勘探进程上由构造油气藏向隐蔽油气藏勘探转变相适应,地震-地质结合也必须由宏观、描述、类比层次向精细、成因、动态层次延伸,注重由分析不同沉积相带砂泥岩波阻抗关系出发,通过建立正演模型来确定不同地震属性的地质意义;注重将不同体系域地震反射特征的变化与A/S比值、现代三角洲类型联系起来,从而通过地震剖面及其平面特征刻画不同体系域砂体特征,为寻找不同类型隐蔽圈闭指明方向。储层预测从层序地层学应用到地震沉积学充分体现了地震与地质结合的两个层次。地质-地震储层预测技术为渤海海域近年来探明的储量快速增长做出了巨大的贡献,同时也促进了沉积储层研究的发展。

It is necessary and important to use seismic data to predict reservoir in oil and gas exploration, especially for offshore exploration characterized by high investment, high risk and small number of drilled wells. The core of geology-seismic technique of reservoir prediction is close combination of geology and seismic technology, which has experienced two steps from step of frame, description and analogy to that of precision, genesis and dynamics, corresponding to the exploration from structural hydrocarbon reservoir to subtle hydrocarbon reservoir. In the second step, emphasis must be basically paid on the acoustic impedance difference of mudstone and sandstone in different facies, and the further forward modeling to ascertain geological significance of various seismic attributes. Emphasis must also be paid on relationships among seismic characteristics of different stratigraphy tracts, A/S ratio and different types of modern deltas. Therefore, sand body characteristics can be accurately described through section and plane characteristics of seismic profiles with clue to find subtle trap. The application of stratigraphy to seismic sedimentology embodies the two steps of geology-seismic technique, which contributes a lot to fast increasing of reserve of Bohai in recent years, and also improves the study of sedimentology and reservoir.