黄牡丹与芍药组间杂交花粉与柱头识别的解剖学研究

Anatomical Studies on Pollen-stigma Interaction in Intersectional Cross of Paeonia lutea and Paeonia lactiflora

分别用TTC染色法和培养液培养法测定黄牡丹花粉的生活力和萌发率;并分别以5个芍药品种为母本,黄牡丹为父本进行人工杂交,用苯胺蓝染色法,在荧光显微镜下观察黄牡丹花粉在母本(‘墨玉双辉’、‘奇花露霜’、‘手扶银须’、‘金凤’和‘美菊’)柱头上的黏附、萌发以及花粉管在柱头和花柱中的动态变化。结果显示:(1)黄牡丹离体花粉生活力达64.9%、萌发率达68.7%。(2)授粉后24h,黄牡丹花粉在‘奇花露霜’、‘手扶银须’和‘金凤’柱头上的黏附数最多分别为134.5、80.9和100.5个,萌发花粉数也达到最多,分别为46.3、69.7和86.6,说明花粉与母本柱头的黏附性较好。(3)授粉后黄牡丹花粉黏附在柱头处及其附近的柱头乳突细胞内产生大量胼胝质;花粉管生长迟缓,且有扭曲、肿胀、结合、分枝等现象发生;少数花粉管能穿过柱头进入花柱,但常有胼胝质沉积其中。从黄牡丹花粉与5个芍药品种柱头的识别作用来看,受精前障碍是影响黄牡丹与芍药组间杂交的主要原因之一。

TTC staining and solution culturing were employed in order to determine pollen viability of Paeonia lutea.Hybridization was made between P.lutea and P.lactiflora.With aniline blue staining,we observed the binding degree,germinating rate of pollen grain and the dynamic changes of pollen tubes in the stigma and style under fluorescent microscope.The results showed that the pollen viability was high,the average percentage was 64.9%.After 24 hours of pollination,sexual compatibility of cv.Qihualushuang×P.lutea,cv.Shoufuyinxu×P.lutea and cv.Jinfeng×P.lutea was better,the number of pollen adhesion was 134.5,80.9 and 100.5 respectively,the number of germinative pollen was 46.3,69.7 and 86.6 respectively.However,a lot of callose was found in papillose cells of stigma in the five different combinations.Germinative pollen tubes grew slowly on the stigma and became twisted,swelled,crawlled,combined and branched.Few of pollen tubes could enter into styles through stigmas,but callose was also found. in tubes.In conclusion,the incompatible reaction caused by pollen-stigma interaction could be one of the main barriers of section cross between P.lutea and P.lactiflora.