生物可降解内固定材料研究进展

PROGRESS OF BIODEGRADABLE INTERNAL FIXATION MATERIALS

目的总结常见生物可降解内固定材料的研究进展,展望研究方向。方法广泛查阅国内外近年有关可降解内固定材料生物力学性能、降解特性及其优缺点的文献,并进行总结分析。结果生物可降解内固定材料可避免金属材料的应力遮挡、二次取出等缺点,固定稳定性好,是较理想的骨科内固定材料。天然高分子可降解材料具有良好生物相容性,但力学强度欠佳;人工合成可降解材料可人为调控降解速率,具有良好力学强度,但生物相容性欠佳;复合材料可以优化组合材料,较前两者更具明显优势。结论生物可降解内固定材料具有广泛应用前景,但仍存在许多问题,将不同类材料复合,采用特定的加工技术,研制出生物力学性能、化学性质、物理结构更优异的可降解材料,是今后研究方向。

Objective To sum up the recent progress of common biodegradable internal fixation materials and to forecast the possible directions for further research. Methods The latest original articles about biomechanical properties, degradation characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable internal fixation materials were extensively reviewed. Several common biodegradable materials were selected and expounded in different categories. Results The disadvantages of stress shielding and the second time removal, could be avoided by using biodegradable internal fixation materials instead of metal materials. Biodegradable internal fixation materials could fix fracture stably and they were ideal orthopedic internal fixation materials. Natural biodegradable polymers had excellent biocompatibility but poor mechanical strength. Synthetic biodegradable materials could be artificially regulated their degradation rate and had better mechanical strength, however, they had shortcomings in biocompatibility. Composite materials could learn from others＇ strong points to offset their weakness, therefore, they had pronounced advantages over the former two materials. Conclusion There still exist many problems in present biodegradable internal fixation materials although they are of great potential in its application. Combining various biomaterials and using the specific processing technology to develop a biodegradable material which has better biomechanical properties, chemical properties and physical structure is the direction for future research.