第三套全国中小学生系列广播体操运动负荷评价

Exercise Intensity of the Third Series of National Broadcast Gymnastics for Elementary and Middle School Students

目的:客观评价第三套全国中小学生系列广播体操的运动负荷。方法:在北京市朝阳区四所中小学中随机抽取120名学生作为受试者,每所学校30名,男女各半。受试学生分别完成第三套全国中小学生广播体操放飞理想、舞动青春、七彩阳光和希望风帆系列中的一套操。四套广播体操的平均运动时间是268.3±4.3秒。受试学生的检测包括2个步骤:(1)VO2max和HRmax的检测。采用功率自行车递增负荷运动方案,使用Fitmate Pro Kit心肺功能测试评价系统;(2)完成广播体操运动过程中VO2、HR和RPE等指标的检测。在受试学生完成本套广播体操运动过程中,检测完成每一节操后即刻以及运动前和运动后3分钟、5分钟的VO2、HR和RPE。结果:不同年龄阶段的男女中小学生在完成第三套全国中小学生系列广播体操运动过程中,%VO2max的变化趋势基本一致。安静站立时的%VO2max最低,约在10%～20%之间,随着广播体操运动的开始和进行,%VO2max逐渐增加,峰值达到60%～80%的水平,然后下降,形成一个单峰变化特点;男女学生完成四套广播体操运动过程中%VO2max平均值在30%～45%之间。受试学生完成本套广播体操运动过程中%HRmax和RPE变化与%VO2max的变化相似,%HRmax峰值达到70%～90%,平均值60%～72%;RPE峰值达到12～14,平均值在8～10之间;RPE与%VO2max、%HRmax的相关系数分别是r=0.45(P<0.01)和r=0.31(P<0.01)。结论:第三套全国中小学生系列广播体操的运动强度呈波动变化,其最大运动强度达到亚极量,但持续时间较短。总体上,本套广播体操运动负荷属于低到中等,适合中小学生健身运动。

Objective To evaluate the exercise intensity of the Third Series of National Broadcast Gymnastics for Elementary and Middle School Students （3SNBGEMS）. Methods One hundred and twenty students randomly selected from 4 elementary and middle schools in Beijing Chaoyang District,number of male and female subjects was equal, their average age was 13.1 ±2.1 years. Students performed one of the 4 sets （i.e. Flying Ideal,Flourishing Youth, Colorful Sunshine, and Hopeful Sail） of 3SNBGEMS. Exercise duration, VO2max and HRmax, and Rating of Perceived Exertion （RPE） were obtained before, immediately after exercise, and 3 minutes and 5 minutes after exercise. Results The average exercise duration of the 3SNBGEMS was 268.3±4.3 seconds. The changing tendency of %VO2max for both the male and female students in different age groups was coincident as a whole during the exercise of the 3SNBGEMS. The lowest %VO2max （ 10% ～20% ） was seen when the students standing quietly. %VO2max increased gradually with the exercise beginning and going on until the peak level reached 60%～80% and then went down. The average level of %VO2max during the exercise was 30%-45%. The changes in %HRmax and RPE during the exercise were the same as that of %VO2max. The peak level of %HRmax reached 70%～90% in an average of 60%～72%. The peak level of RPE reached 12～14 in an average of 8～10. The correlation coefficients between RPE and %VO2max and %HRmax were 0.45 （P〈0.01） and 0.31 （P〈0.01） respectively. Conclusion The exercise intensity fluctuates during the exercise of the 3SNBGEMS and the peak intensity reaches submaximal level,but lasts for only a short period of time. The 3SNBGEMS seems to meet the demand for promoting physical fitness of elementary and middle school students.