北江突发镉污染事故的健康危害评价

Health hazard assessment of emergent cadmium pollution accidents in Beijiang River

以西、北江河网区为研究对象,建立一维重金属模型;设定北江上游突发镉污染事故背景资料,运用重金属模型模拟镉在河网区的运移过程;提出健康危害评价方法,定量评价事故给佛山市带来的健康危害.结果表明:现状情况下突发镉污染事故给佛山市造成的致癌风险尚可接受,但事故引起的急性中毒危害要远大于慢性致癌危害;污染事故频率的增加会提高人体的致癌风险;事故发生时应在事故地点以下50 km范围内禁止取用水.

The river network of the Xijiang River and Beijiang River was taken as the research object. A one-dimensional heavy metal model was established. The design data of emergent cadmium pollution accidents in the upper reaches of the Beijiang River were determined, and the motion processes of the cadmium in the river network were simulated using the heavy metal model. Methods for health hazard assessment were proposed to quantitatively assess the health hazards caused by the pollution accidents in Foshan City. The results show that the carcinogenic risk of the emergent cadmium pollution accidents to the residents of Foshan City under the current conditions is acceptable, but the hazard of acute poisoning is much greater than that of chronic carcinogenesis. The increase of the frequency of occurrence of emergent pollution accidents will raise the carcinogenic risk. When an emergent accident happens, water intake and use within a range of 50 km downstream of the accident site should be prohibited.