张履祥遗民与儒者的双重身份及其人生抉择

Zhang Lv-xiang’s Double Statuses of Adherent and Confucianist and His Choice of Life

明清之际的理学家张履祥,盘桓于遗世与济世之间进行人生抉择,因为遗民与儒者的双重身份而有着内在的紧张,从而有了其将理学实践于乡村的遗世之中的济世、遗民儒者的济世;有了其在身后的三百多年间,遗世与济世交互突出而被塑造为明之遗民或清之大儒。但是其遗世是外在之表层,而济世则是内在之深层,济世主导遗世,儒者才是遗民之底色,并且从中表现出其特殊的名节观与出处观。

As a Neo-Confucianist lived at the alteration time of Ming and Qing, Zhang Lv-xiang had lingered between Yishi and Jishi. Because of the internal relations between his double statuses of the Ming Adherent and the Qing confucianist, he had the chance to practiced the Neo-Confucianism in the country, and also, he was known as the Ming Adherent and the Qing confucianist with the alternation of Yishi and Jishi in his posthumous 300 years. The Yishi was external, while the Jishi was internal. Yishi was dominanted by Jishi. The confucianist was the inherent qualities of adherents, from which his especial concept of principle and source of conception was expressed.