试论清代两湖地区的私家刻书群体特征及其文化贡献

On the Group Characteristics and Cultural Contributions of Private Printing in Hunan and Hubei Provinces in Qing Dynasty

清代两湖地区私家刻书风起云涌,形成了一个颇具规模的私家刻书群体,取得了较大的刻书成就。清代两湖地区私家刻书群体特征主要有:其一,家学渊源的世家望族,造就了一批私家刻书群体;其二,官宦学者、名宿乡儒是私家刻书群体的主流;其三,刻书家群体的出版理想与文化追求促使刻书家群体的崛起。清代两湖地区私家刻书群体的文化贡献主要有:一是搜求、辑刻、保存古代典籍,传承学术文化;二是创作和传播优秀学术成果,促进学术文化发展;三是精刻细雕,改进提高刻印技术,促进了出版业和印刷业的发展。

In Qing Dynasty, under the influence of the court and official scholars in Hunan and Hubei provinces, private printing becomes quite popular, forming a large scale of private printing groups and gaining lots of splendid printing accomplishments. There are several group characteristics of private printing： firstly, most of them are from noble families; secondly, official scholars and famous people in town turn to be the mainstream of private printing; thirdly, the edition ideal and cultural pursuit of printers urges the prosperity of private printing groups. The cultural contributions of private printing groups in Hunan and Hubei provinces in Qing Dynasty are as follows： firstly, private printing help searching, printing and preserving ancient books and passed on academic culture; secondly, it creates and spreads excellent academic results, which promotes the development of academic culture; last but not least, its fine printing enhances the printing technology at that time and accelerates the development of printing industry.