空气污染健康损失的条件价值评估与人力资本评估比较研究

Valuation of Health Economic Loss by Air Pollution in Beijing-Comparison of Contingent Valuation Method and Human Capital Method

目的探寻在我国定量评估环境污染健康经济损失的途径。方法通过实例研究,采用条件价值评估方法和人力资本方法对北京市空气污染健康经济损失进行计算和比较。结果2005年北京市空气污染降低50%的健康效益评估,人力资本法计算得到健康经济效益为21.83亿元,采用条件价值评估方法得到健康经济效益为108.91亿元,是人力资本法的4.99倍。结论条件价值评估方法能够更全面地评估健康经济损失,它在我国的应用是可行的,仍需要进一步的实证应用。

Objective To explore the applicable method for the quantitative valuation of health economic loss by environmental pollution. Methods The contingent valuation method （CVM） and human capital method were respectively used to valuate the health economic loss by air pollution in Beijing and the comparison of the results was conducted. Results In 2005, the economic benefit of main air pollutants reduction by 50% in Beijing was 2.183 billion Yuan estimated by human capital method, and it was 10.891 billion Yuan estimated by CVM. The result of CVM is 4.99 times as high as that of human capital method. Conclusion CVM is a well recommended technique which can be used to estimate the total value of health loss by environment pollution, and this empirical study proved that it is feasible to estimated health economic loss in China. Further studies are needed to improve the efficiency of evaluation.