常见呼吸道传染病的流行特点与防护措施

Epidemic Characteristics and Preventive Measures of Infectious Respiratory Disease

呼吸道传染病是指病原体从呼吸道感染侵入、传播而引起的疾病,主要有麻疹、风疹、流感、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流行性腮腺炎、水痘等。呼吸道传染病大多数通过空气飞沫经呼吸道和近距离接触传播,人群普遍易感。呼吸道传染病如果暴发流行将会造成较大影响,不仅影响人群健康,还会导致许多社会问题,影响教学秩序、工作、社会安定等。为了更好地预防和控制常见呼吸道传染病的暴发流行,作者就呼吸道传染病的概念、流行特点、综合防护措施、应急机制等方面进行综述。

Infectious respiratory＇ disease is defined as the disease caused by invasion and spread of pathogens through respiratory tract, such as measles, rubella, influenza, epidemic eerebrospinal meningitis, mumps and vaficella. Most infectious respiratory diseases spread through droplet and short-distance contact, and herd are generally susceptible. The outbreak or epidemic of infectious respiratory diseases may not only affect people＇health, hut also result in many social problems, and even affecting teaching arrangement, work and social stability, etc. In order to better prevent and control the outbreak or epidemic of common infectious respiratory diseases, the author summarizes the concept, epidemic characteristic, comprehensive protective measure, stringency mechanism,etc.