农业保险的低水平均衡：交易费用及外部性视角的分析

The Low- level Equilibrium of Agricultural Insurance： Analysis from the Perspective of Transaction Costs and Externalities

农业保险是规避农业风险的重要策略和市场经济条件下现代农业发展的重要支柱，也是世贸组织允许的支持农业的“绿箱”政策之一，世界各国普遍重视和大力发展农业保险。然而，我国农业保险供需过程中交易费用过高，广大农民不愿购买，农业保险业务急剧萎缩，陷入了“有效供需短缺”的严重市场失灵境地。矫正供需失灵的关键在于降低交易成本，突出农业保险的正外部性，加大政府对农业保险供需双方的政策支持和财政补贴，从而激活农业保险市场，切实为我国农业发展保驾护航。

Agricultural insurance is an important strategy to avoid the agricultural risk and an important pillar of modem agricultural development under the conditions of market economy. Also, it is one of the ＂Green Box＂ policies which are permitted by WTO to support agricultural, which is paid much attention and developed vigorously by the most countries in the world. However, the transaction costs of agricultural insurance are too high in the process of supply and demand in China, which leads to the majority of farmers＇ unwillingness to buy and sharp contraction in agricultural insurance, and then the agricultural insurance is trapped in the ＂the shortage of effective demand and supply ＂of serious market failure. The key of correcting failure of supply and demand is to reduce transaction costs, to highlight the positive externalities of agricultural insurance, and to increase the policy support and financial subsidies for both supply and demand of agricultural insurance by government so as to actiwate the agricultural insurance market and esoort the development of Chinese agriculture effectively.