眼科植入材料的临床应用及生物相容性评价

Clinical application and biocompatibility of ophthalmic implants

理想的眼科材料,应具有物理化学性质稳定、生物相容性好等特点。在眼科的生物材料中,目前应用最广的就是人工晶体材料和人工角膜材料,探讨人工晶体材料和人工角膜材料的生物相容性,成为了目前眼科领域研究的热点。文章采用文献检索的方式,从人工晶体材料和人工角膜材料的临床应用及与宿主间的生物相容性两方面检索了相关国内外文献。分析并总结文献内容,发现眼科植入材料的临床应用十分广泛,在人工角膜的生物材料中,胶原和壳聚糖的生物相容性较差,其材料与宿主的整合性差,降解速度与新生组织的生成速率不匹配,材料缺乏表面特异性。而纤维蛋白,羊膜,聚羟基乙酸和聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸可作为组织缺损材料及组织工程的角膜支架材料,生物相容性较好。硅凝胶人工晶体,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯人工晶状体,记忆人工晶状体材料的生物相容性较好。水凝胶人工晶状体易移位,可发生迟发性钙沉积,生物相容性较差。眼科植入材料与宿主间的生物相容性仍需提高。

An ideal ophthalmic implant characterizes by stable physical and chemical properties and excellent compatibility. Artificial lens and corneas have been widely used in recent. In particular, compatibility between artificial lens and corneas becomes a hot topic in the research field of ophthalmology. This study retrieved articles addressing clinical application and host compatibility of artificial lens and corneas. The analysis released that ophthalmic implants have been frequently used in clinical application. Collagen had poor compatibility to chitosan. Additionally, the integration with host was also poor. Degradation velocity did not match to generation velocity of tissues; furthermore, they did not have surface specificity. On the other hand, fibrin, amnion, polyglycolic acid, and polylactic-co-glycolic acid which were considered as stent for tissue defect and tissue engineering had great compatibility. Moreover, artificial silicone gel lens, artificial polymethyl methacrylate lens, and artificial memory lens also had great compatibility. Artificial hydrogel lens were easily displaced, thus they easily suffered from delayed calcium deposition and had poor compatibility. In further studies, compatibility between ophthalmic implants and host needs to be enhanced.