粉尘释放和沉积机制的研究进展

Review of the Mechanism of Dust Emission and Deposition

风蚀地表释放的粉尘气溶胶在其输送和沉积过程中产生的直接和间接环境效应促进了对其释放和沉积机制的研究。随着土壤风蚀研究的发展,对粉尘释放机制有了较为深入地研究,从简单的经验方程模型发展到目前考虑粉尘释放微观过程的具有清晰物理机制的释放模型,并在大尺度沙尘预报研究中得到了广泛应用。粉尘沉积主要集中于对干沉积和云下清除过程的研究,而对云内清除过程认识不足。简要回顾了粉尘释放和沉积机制研究的发展历史,系统地评述了研究的现状,提出了粉尘释放和沉积模拟研究中存在的问题和今后的发展趋势。

In its transport and deposition processes, the dust aerosol brings both direct and indirect environ- mental effects, which promotes research on mechanism of dust emission and deposition. With the development of Aeolian erosion research, the understanding of mechanism of the dust emission becomes deeper. The research de- veloped from simple experiential equation to dust emission models with clear physical mechanism, in which the mi- cro-process of dust emission is taken into consideration, and these dust emission models are widely used in the fore- casting of dust storm at large-scale space. The research of dust deposition is concentrated on dry deposition of dust and its scavenging process below clouds, while the research on removal process of dust in the cloud is relatively fe- wer. This paper briefly reviewed the history of mechanism research of dust emission and deposition and summarized the recent achievements. Finally, the authors analyzed the problems in the present study, and suggested the further trends of study.