6Linton DM, Bean E, Cronje CJ, et al. Central venous catheterization for parenteral nutrition. Experience at Groote Schuur Hospital. S Afr Med J, 1983,64:351-354.
7Forestier F, Rossi H, Calderon J,et al. Training for adult subclavian venous catheterization: use of real-time echography. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 2002,21:698-702.
3Milling TJ Jr,Roee J,Briggs WM,et al.Randomized,controlled clinical trial of point-of-care limited ultrasonography assistance of central venous cannulation:the third sonogrphy outcomes aascaament program (SOAP-3) trail[J].Crit Care Med,2005,33(8):1764-1769.
5Denys BG,Uretsky BF,Rdddy PS,et al.Vltrasoundassisted cannulation of the internal jugular vein:a prospective comparison to the external landmarkguided technique[J].Circulation,1993,87(10):1557.
6郭志荣 等.切迹法行右颈内静脉穿刺[J].临床麻醉学杂志,2000,16(1):17-17.
7McGee DC, Gould MKIPreventing complications of central venous catheterization[J].lN Engl J Med, 2003, 348(12): 11231.
8Milling TJ Jr, Rose J, BriggsWM, et allRandomized, controlled clinical trial of point - of - care limited ultrasonography assistance of central venous cannulation: the Third Sonography Outcomes Assessment Program (SOAP-3) Trial [J].lCrit CareMed, 2005, 33(8): 17641.
9Pirot t e T. Uh rasound guided vascular acces s in adult s and children: beyond the internal jugular vein pun cture [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg, 2008, 59(3): 157 166.
10L ichtenstein D, Saifi R, Augarde R, et allThe internal jugular veins are asymmetriclUsefulness of ultrasound before catheterization[J].1 Intensive CareMed, 2001, 27(1):. 3011.
