健康教育在四川省碘缺乏病防治中的作用

Effect of health education in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in Sichuan Province

目的评价健康教育在四川省碘缺乏病防治中的作用。方法2007年在四川省理县、安岳、青川县和自贡市自流井区对乡（镇）和村医生、干部和教师进行培训，对中小学生、家庭主妇和碘盐零售店店主等目标人群开展碘盐鉴别、碘缺乏病健康教育课、碘缺乏病防治知识作文比赛，发送碘缺乏病防治短信、发放健康教育材料和举办讲座等干预方法，并在干预前和干预半年后对上述4个县（区）分别按东、西、南、北、中各抽取1所小学的3～5年级学生各40名，同时在所选小学所在地选取20～50岁家庭主妇30名进行健康教育问卷调查和家中盐碘定性检测。结果培训各级医生、干部和教师共计2839人；在45所小学开展碘盐鉴别活动，在240所学校上碘缺乏病健康教育课，在156所学校开展作文比赛，发送碘缺乏病防治知识短信109000条，发放健康教育材料791499份，举办讲座2106次。学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率由干预前的26．9％（657／2444）上升到干预后的90．4％（2201／2435，X^2=2027．49，P〈0．01）；食盐有碘率由干预前的96．6％（2360／2444）上升到干预后的99．8％（2430／2435，X^2=71．13，P〈0．01）；家庭主妇碘缺乏病知识知晓率由干预前的59．2％（356／601）上升到干预后的96．7％（586／606，X^2=247．18，P〈0．01）；碘盐覆盖率由于预前的97.3％（585／601）上升到干预后的99．8％（605／606，X^2=13．55，P〈0．01），合格碘盐食用率由干预前的84．5％（508／601）上升到干预后的96．0％（582／606，X^2=45．70，P〈0．01）。结论在中小学生和家庭主妇等目标人群中开展碘缺乏病健康教育对提高和巩固碘缺乏病防治效果显著。健康教育是碘缺乏病防治的一项重要措施，将其作为一项常规工作纳入碘缺乏病防治并建立其持续工作机制尤为迫切和重要。

Objective To evaluate the effect of health education in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders （IDD） in Sichuan Province. Methods In 2007, a variety of health education interventions of IDD carried out in four countries （district） of Lixian, Anyue, Qingchuan and Ziliujing. One primary school from east, west, south, north and the central in the each county was randomly selected, and 40 students from 3 - 5 grade in every school and 30 hosewivcs aged 20 - 50 year-old near the school were asked to answer a questionnaire on health education and iodine content of table salt was qualitatively detected before intervention and six months after intervention. Results A total of 2839 doctors, government officials and teachers received training, 45 primary schools launched iodized salt identification activities, 240 primary schools offered health education classes, and 156 primary school held essay contests 109 000 short messages on the knowledge of IDD and 791 499 health education materials were sent out and 2106 knowledge lectures were organized. After health education intervention, the students＇ awareness rate of IDD increased from 26.9%（657/2444） to 90.4%（2201/2435, X^2 = 2027.49, P 〈 0.01）, and the rate of iodized salt increasedfrom 96.6% （2360/2444） to 99.8% （2430/2435, X^2= 71.13, P 〈 0.01 ）; the housewives＇ awareness rate of IDD increased from 59.2% （356/601） to 96.7% （586/606,X^2 = 247.18, P 〈 0.01 ）, and the rate of iodized salt increased from 97.3% （585/601） to 99.8% （605/606,X^2 = 13.55, P 〈 0.01）. Qualified iodized salt coverage rate raised from 84.5% （508/601） to 96.0% （582/606,X^2= 45.70, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions It is obviousely effective to carry out health education of IDD among students and housewives to strengthen effectiveness of prevention and control of IDD. Health education is a very important measure for IDD prevention and control.