耕作和覆盖对黄土高原果园土壤水分和温度的影响

Effects of tillage and mulching on orchard soil moisture content and temperature in Loess Plateau.

研究了几种不同耕作方式（免耕、旋耕和翻耕）和覆盖措施（覆草、生草和覆膜）对黄土高原果园土壤水分和温度的影响.结果表明：5月不同耕作方式下0~1 m土层土壤水分差异极显著,表现为免耕（14.28%）〉旋耕（14.13%）〉翻耕（13.57%）,9月差异不明显;不同覆盖措施中,覆草处理的土壤水分最高,且与生草、覆膜、裸地处理间差异极显著;不同耕作方式和覆盖组合处理中以免耕覆草保水效果最好.不同覆盖处理白天土壤平均温度表现为覆膜〉裸地〉生草〉覆草,土壤温度变幅表现为裸地〉覆膜〉生草〉覆草.各覆盖处理的蓄水量与其土壤温度并不都呈负相关,而是由不同覆盖物的保水效果和保温性质共同决定.综上所述,黄土高原果园的保护性耕作体系应以免耕覆草为主.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage system （no-tillage, rotary tillage, and plow tillage） and mulching （straw mulch, sod mulch, and film mulch） on the orchard soil moisture content and temperature in Loess Plateau. Under different tillage system, the soil moisture content in 0-1 m layer differed significantly in May, with the sequence of no-tillage （ 14. 28% ） 〉 rotary tillage （ 14. 13% ） 〉 plow September. Straw mulch induced significantly high mulch, and no-mulch. Among the treatments tillage tillage （13.57%）, but had less difference in er soil moisture content than sod mulch, film plus mulching, no-tillage plus straw mulch resuited in the greatest soil water storage. The average soil temperature at daytime was in order of film mulch 〉 no-mulch 〉 sod mulch 〉 straw mulch, and the change range of soil temperature was nomulch 〉 film mulch 〉 sod mulch 〉 straw mulch. Soil water storage under different mulching treatments was not always negatively correlated with soil temperature, but depended on the water conservation effect and heat-preserved capacity of mulching material. Above all, the main conservation tillage system for the orchards in Loess Plateau would be no tillage plus straw mulch.