调亏灌溉对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat

以高产中筋冬小麦品种济麦22为材料,在山东兖州小孟镇史王村进行田间试验,研究了调亏灌溉对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明：在全生育期降水228 mm条件下,W1（土壤相对含水量：播种期80%＋拔节期70%＋开花期70%）和W4（土壤相对含水量：播种期90%＋拔节期85%＋开花期85%）处理总耗水量高于W0（土壤相对含水量：播种期80%＋拔节期65%＋开花期65%）、W2（土壤相对含水量：播种期80%＋拔节期80%＋开花期80%）和W3（土壤相对含水量：播种期90%＋拔节期80%＋开花期80%）处理,W1和W4处理间无显著差异;W1处理增加了0~200 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量,降低了小麦拔节至开花期的耗水模系数,提高了开花至成熟期的耗水模系数;W4处理在开花至成熟期、拔节至开花期的耗水量和耗水模系数均较大.调亏灌溉条件下,W0处理水分利用效率较高,但产量最低;随灌溉量增加,其他处理水分利用效率呈先增加后降低的趋势.耗水量最高的W1和W4处理产量也最高,W1处理灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益均高于W4处理,为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳处理.

With the high-yielding winter wheat cuhivar Jimai 22 as test material, a field experiment was conducted in Yanzhou of Shandong to examine the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the water consumption and water use efficiency （WUE） of the cuhivar. Five treatments were installed, i. e. , the soil relative moisture content at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages being 80%, 65% and65% （Wo）, 80%, 70% and 70% （W1）, 80%, 80% and 80% （W2）, 90%,80% and 80% （W3）, and 90%, 85% and 85% （W4）, respectively. Under the condition of 228 mm precipitation in growth season, the total water consumption was higher in treatments W1 and W4 than in treatments Wo, W2, and W3, and no difference was observed between treatments W1 and W4. Comparing with W4, treatment W1 decreased the water storage in 0-200 em soil layer and the water consumption by wheat from jointing to anthesis stages, but increased the water consumption from anthesis to maturity stages. The water consumption rates at the stages from jointing to anthesis and from anthesis to maturity in treatment W4 were higher. Under regulated deficit irrigation, treatment W0 had higher WUE, but the grain yield was the lowest. The WUE in other treatments increased first, and then decreased with inereasing irrigation amount. Both the water consumption and the grain yield were the highest in treatments W1 and W4, and treatment W1 had higher irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefit than treatment W4, being the best irrigation regime of highyielding and water-saving in our study.