周丛藻类及其在水质净化中的应用

Periphyton and its application in water purification

周丛藻类广泛存在于自然界水体中,具有生物量大、生态功能强、水质响应灵敏等特征.周丛藻类通过吸收代谢利用、吸附和络合等过程去除水体污染物质,用于水质净化,具有耐污能力强,N、P去除效果好,藻类细胞回收利用价值高等优点,推广应用前景广阔.近年开发的藻丛刷系统、周丛藻类-生物膜系统和周丛藻类水产养殖系统等已经成功用于畜禽水产养殖废水、生活污水处理.而周丛藻类的生存规律、对污染物浓度的生理响应机理和污染物质吸收利用的分子生物学机制仍有待进一步研究.

Periphyton widely exists in natural water bodies, with the characteristics of huge biomass generation, strong ecological function, and sensitive response to water quality. It removes the pollutants in water bodies mainly through the processes of absorption, metabolism, adsorption, and complexation, etc. Owing to its high tolerance against pollution and high removal efficiency for nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as the feasibility of recycling its cells at low cost, periphyton is a promising candidate for developing the treatment techniques of water purification. The newly-developed artificial periphyton systems, e. g. , algal turf scrubbers, periphyton biofilm systems, periphyton aqua- culture systems, have been successfully applied in treating livestock manure, aquiculture wastewater, and municipal sewage. However, further researches are needed to understand the growth patterns of periphyton, its physiological responses to pollutants concentration, and its molecular biological mechanisms in removing pollutants.