基于产量和经济效益分析的青贮玉米—京科青贮516的利用与模式研究

Researches on Utilization Mode of Maize Silage Jingke516 Based on Yield and Economic Benefit Analysis

青贮玉米有整株青贮和粮饲兼用两种主要利用模式,密度是影响产量和效益重要因素,通过分析不同青贮品种、密度条件下两种利用模式的经济效益差异与原因,以实现青贮玉米的合理和有效利用。笔者采用裂区试验设计,以京科青贮516和农大108两个玉米品种在不同密度条件下的乳熟期整株产量、完熟期籽粒产量以及经济效益差异为研究对象,进行了有关的方差分析和比较研究。结果表明,整株青贮经济效益要高于收获籽粒,京科青贮516在60000株/hm2密度乳熟期生物产量、成熟期籽粒产量均最高,不同收获期的所有组合中经济效益居第1位和第2位,乳熟期效益为7113.9元/hm2,完熟期效益为6947.7元/hm2,对乳熟期和完熟期的经济效益值进行成对数据t测验,t=1.775,t0.05=2.571,t<t0.05,比较结果说明在α=0.05水平不显著。整株青贮获得较高的经济效益的原因主要是整株青贮减少了籽粒收获环节,减少了一部分费用,供需矛盾使青贮玉米收购价格相对较高。京科青贮516是一个籽粒产量和生物产量均较高的青贮玉米品种,适宜种植密度60000株/hm2,在选种青贮玉米应综合考虑品种、密度、利用模式等因素,进行成本、费用的经济核算和经济效益的比较,实现决策的优化。

Maize silage can be utilized in the form of whole ensiling and cereal ＆amp; silage maize using, the experiment was designed to test the economic benefit differences of the two modes under the different biomass of two breeds. Researched and analyzed the differences of biomass yields of milky maturity, grain yields of full maturity and economic benefit of maize silage Jingke 516 and Nongda 108 under different density, compared in synthesis, the economic benefit of whole ensiling are higher than the grain yields,the yields of silage maize Jingke516 in milky biomass and full maturity both were highest under density of 60 000 palnts/hm^2, in all the treats, the economic benefit was 7113.9 Yuan/hm^2 in milky maturity and 6947.7 Yuan/hm^2, the results of /test between milky maturity and full maturity were t=1.775, t0.05=2.571, t〈t0.05, the experiment showed that there were no statistical significance on α=0.05 level. The cause of higher economic benefit of whole ensiling were lower expenses of harvest, and the relative higher price of milky maturity maize. Silage maize Jingke516 was a breed of high biomass yield and grain yield, for the high yield and economic benefit, the optimum of density was 60 000 palnts/hm^2, for selecting and utilizing the maize silage, breed, biomass, utilizing mode should be all considered.