豫南稻茬麦区小麦生态条件研究

Ecological Eonditions in Wheat Growing Area under Rice Stubble in Henan

豫南小麦生产在河南占有极其重要地位,然而,诸多原因导致豫南稻茬麦产量低而不稳,为此,研究分析了豫南稻茬麦区光、热、水、土壤等生态条件及其特点,找出了小麦生长发育的自然障碍因素,并提出了相应的主攻方向和对策。主要自然限制因素有:渍害、土壤瘠薄、土质粘重、后期高温高湿逼熟、昼夜温差小等。主攻方向和对策是:(1)前茬收获前起沟晾墒;(2)免耕法播种;(3)深挖沟,"四沟"配套;(4)勤清沟;(5)积肥造肥,合理轮作倒茬,秸杆还田,发展绿肥,氮磷钾配合施用,培肥地力;(6)深耕细作;(7)培育和选用早熟、耐湿、抗病、灌浆快且强度大、丰产稳产、适应过渡性生态条件的小麦品种;(8)适期早播。

Wheat production in Henan province of Henan province occupies an extremely important position,however, causes a lot of wheat after rice harvesting production in the south of Henan province is low and unstable, to that end,the author analyzed the rice crop in wheat growing areas of Henan province light, heat,water,soil,etc.ecological conditions and characteristics,to identify wheat growth and development of natural barriers,and the corresponding main direction of attack and countermeasures.Major natural constraints are： Waterlogging, soil barren soil heavy stick, forcing the latter cooked in hot and humid,small temperature difference between day and night. Main direction of attack and counter-measures： （1） pre-harvest moisture from dry ditch. （2） no-tillage planting method. （3） deep trench,the ＂four channel＂ complementary. （4） ground clearance groove. （5） making fertilizer, was a reasonable crop rotation, straw to field, the development of green manure,with application of NPK, fertility. （6）deep secret agents. （7） training and selection of precocious, humidity,disease resistance,speed and strength grouting, high and stable yield, adaptation of the ecological conditions of the transition of the wheat varieties. （8） The proper period of early seeding.