豫南稻茬小麦生长发育特点研究

The Characteristic Study of Growing and Developing in Wheat Area under Rice Stubble in Southern Henan Province

豫南稻茬小麦的生产在河南省小麦生产中占有重要地位。然而,历史上稻茬麦产量不是太理想,除了自然障碍因素外,小麦生长发育规律还没有真正掌握、栽培技术不配套是重要原因之一。针对当前该区生产上小麦主导品种,研究分析了稻茬麦分蘖成穗规律、幼穗分化规律、籽粒灌浆规律。结果表明：（1）分蘖消长的特点是两个盛期、一个高峰、冬季不停、集中死亡,栽培管理上应走主茎成穗为主,争取部分分蘖成穗的途径。（2）幼穗分化早、分化期长,前期慢、后期快,茎、叶发生重叠进行,普遍存在同伸关系。栽培上要注意促使一、二分蘖赶主茎,提高分蘖成穗率,促进分蘖幼穗发育,提高结实率,争取大穗多粒,增加产量。（3）抽穗后3-5天开花,籽粒灌浆全过程短,从开花到成熟只有35天左右,呈慢-快-慢的S型曲线生长,籽粒发育经历形成、灌浆、成熟3个阶段;腊熟末期粒重最大,此时收获产量最高。提出了稻茬麦育种注意事项。

The production in wheat growing area under rice stubble in southern Henan Province, occupies an important position in Henan province. However, the history of rice wheat production is not too idealistic, in addition to natural barriers, the wheat growth and development of the law has not really grasp, cultivation techniques are not supporting one of the reasons why it is important. In view of the area led the production of wheat varieties, research and analysis of rice tillering wheat panicle laws, the laws of panicle, grain-filling law. The results showed that： （1） tiller dynamics is characterized by two peak, a peak during the winter non-stop, focus on death, cultivation and management should take the main stem panicle mainly for tillering panicle some way. （2） panicle long, long division, pre-slow, post-fast, stems, tillers, leaf overlap, and the relationship between the prevalence of the same stretch. Attention should be paid to the cultivation of one or two main stem tiller time to improve the rate of tillering panicle promote tillering panicle development, improve the seed-setting rate, for big spike tablets, to increase production. （3） 3-5 days after heading flowering, the whole process of a short grain filling, from flowering to maturity, only about 35 days, through the formation of grain development, grain the greatest weight, when the highest yield gains. was reported. filling, was slow- fastslow growth of the S-curve, going the three stages of maturity; Prince cooked the end of The matter the attention of wheat breeding under rice stubble was reported.