有机生产方式茶园害虫与天敌种类及群落动态研究

Studies on the Varieties of Pest and Natural Enemy and the Dynamic State of Community in Organic Tea Garden

调查研究有机茶园中的主要害虫和天敌种类及种群动态,为茶树害虫优势种群的综合治理和持续性控制提供实据。通过灯光诱捕和茶园田间调查进行害虫和天敌的分类记录和数量统计分析,结果发现害虫45种,天敌24种。主要害虫有假眼小绿叶蝉、茶蚜、茶黄蓟马、茶尺蠖和茶螨,主要天敌有蜘蛛,蜂类、瓢虫和草蛉。有机茶园天敌控害表现最好的时期是8月份,益害比为1:0.96。而在6月和9月害虫种群数量出现2个峰值,而且害虫总量增长量大过天敌增长量,自然控害作用滞后。茶园采取有机方式种植后,确实能保持茶园生物群落的多样性,维护茶树害虫优势种群的相对稳定和生物群落的动态平衡。但要实现对害虫的有效控制,减少虫害损失还必须结合其他防治方法,走综合治理之路。

Making an investigation on the varieties of main pests and natural enemy and the dynamic state of community, can offer evidence for comprehensively treat and continuously control the advantage varieties of tea pest. To record the pests and natural enemy into classes and do number statistical analysis by lamplight collect and the investigation in mulberry fields. There were 45 kinds of pests and 24 kinds of natural enemy to be found. The main pests were Empoasca uititis Gothe, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonsecolombe, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, Ectropis obligua Warren and Tea Mitest. The main natural enemies are spider, wasps and Chrusopa septempuntata Wesmael. In organic tea garden, the best control time of nature enemy was August; the ratio of beneficial insect to pests was 1：0.96. The second peak of the varieties numeric came at June and September. And the total increment of pests was bigger than the total increment of natural enemy, the natural control was backward. There were biodiversity and stability and dynamic balance in organic tea garden. But for effective control and reduced a loss by the pest, the other way should be used.