陇东地区土壤水分变化与玉米产量关系探讨

Relationship Discussion between Soil Moisture Change with Maize Yield in East of Gansu Province

陇东地区属旱作雨养农业区,作物产量受降水因素的严重影响和制约,尤其是近年来,全球气候变暖,降水分布不均,干旱频发,使作物产量变化波动大。为了应对气候变化对作物产量的影响,减少产量波动,利用西峰农业气象试验站玉米观测地段土壤水分资料（1990—2007年）和玉米产量资料,以及与之毗邻的西峰基准站气象资料,分析了观测地段土壤水分变化规律及土壤水分变化对玉米产量的影响。结果显示：土壤贮水量的变化呈二次曲线,贮水量最低值出现在8月中旬;耗水量的变化呈直线;贮水量与玉米产量相关最显著的时段在拔节到抽雄阶段,拔节至抽雄0-50cm土壤贮水量每增加10mm,产量增加180-210kg/hm^2.

It is dry-farming agricultural area, precipitation factor has serious impact and constraints to corn yield in east of Gansu province, especially in recently years, global warming, uneven distribution of precipitation, and drought occurs frequently, those make large fluctuations in crop yield changes. In order to address climate change impact on crop yield, reduce yield fluctuations, we make use of the data of soil moisture and maize yield of maize observation land sector by Xifeng agro-meteorological experimental station （1990--2007）, and the data of meteorology by Xifeng datum station, we analyzed soil moisture change rule and its influence to the maize yield. The results shown that soil moisture storage change assumes the second power curve, it minimum value appears in mid-August. The moisture consumption change assumes the straight line. In the stage of jointing to tasselling, the moisture storage is relevance the most remarkable with the maize yield, the soil moisture storage of 0-50 cm increases 10 mm in the stage of jointing to tasselling, the maize yield increases 180-210 kg/hm^2.