城中村失地居民社会保障问题研究

Villages of Social Security Problems Land-losing Residents

近年来,随着中国城市化进程不断加快,各地"城中村"数量越来越多。而"城中村"的形成是由于中国长期的城乡隔离制度所导致的二元管理体制的必然结果。并且由于中国长期实行的城乡隔离制度所造成的管理上的缺陷,随之而来的问题便逐步突显出来:例如,"公共利益"泛化;拆迁补偿标准缺乏制度保障;城中村居民社会保障不足;城市居民身份虚化等。"城中村"体制改革所产生的这些问题是必然的,改制过程中解决好这些问题对整个改制的进程具有举足轻重的作用。就目前来看,以解决"城中村"失地农民的养老保险、医疗保险及就业等社会保障问题最为突出。因此加快建立和完善面向"城中村"失土农民的社会保障制度,不仅是适应城市化和社会结构转型的需要,也是保障农民基本权益和加快农民市民化的需要,更是减少和化解城市化所带来的社会矛盾和社会风险的需要。该文主要从城中村失地居民的社会保障体系的现状、城中村失地居民社会保障的问题分析及完善城中村失地居民社会保障的路径选择三个方面进行展开,对中国在城市化进程中的社会保障问题进行深入剖析,并力图为完善城中村失地居民社会保障体系,逐步建立"经济补偿、社会保障、就业服务"三位一体的新模式提供思考建议。从而真正实现失地居民"老有所养、失有所保、贫有所济、病有所治、伤有所医"的和谐社会局面。

In recent years, along with China s urbanization process accelerated, the number of villages was increased. ＂Village＂ was due to China s urban-rural binary system of isolation and it was an inevitable result in the management system. Because long-term isolation system of the urban and rural in china was caused defects in management, it brought a series prominent problems, for example： the generalization of ＂public interest＂, urban-house removing compensation standard of safeguard, villages of social security was not enough; social security urban residents identity falsified, etc. These problems were inevitable during the restructuring, these problems were solved during the restructuring process was important. So far, in order to solve the land-lost farmers of endowment insurance, medical insurance and social safeguard problem. Thus accelerated to establish and perfect lost territory of social security villages of employment was prominent system for villages was not only adapt the urbanization and the social transformation but it is necessary to safeguard farmers＂ rights and accelerate the basic needs of farmers＂ urbanization, reduce and dissolve the urbanization of social contradictions and social risk. The author mainly from the system status, the villages residents villages of land-losing residents social lost path choice of three aspects of villages of larld-losing residents of the social security security problem analysis and perfect social security China, in social security issues in the process of urbanization, and tries to improve villages land-lost residents social security system, and gradually establish a new mode that ＂ economic compensation, social security, employment services＂ and provided a thinking proposals. To realize a harmonious society that ＂the old was supported, the loss was ensured, the poor was relieved and the patient was treated ＂for the land-losing residents.