氮磷营养对高寒阴湿区春玉米产量及品质的影响

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Quality of Spring Maize in Chilling and Humid Region of High Elevation of Gansu Province

在平衡K、S及微量元素肥料的基础上,研究了不同氮磷水平下的配合施用对玉米农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,N、P单施或配施可明显改善玉米农艺性状,施N后玉米的综合农艺性状明显改善,施P可促进玉米提早抽雄,穗粒数、百粒质量增加,秃顶长减少。不同比例的氮磷配施可以大幅度提高玉米的产量,每kg N增产玉米10.7-18.3 kg,每kg P2O5增产玉米9.9-10.8 kg。施肥对玉米籽粒品质有较大的影响,但氮磷配施更有利于籽粒品质的提高。在黄绵土上种植玉米制约其产量的主要因素是N,其次为P,从产量和品质综合考虑推荐施肥量N 225 kg/hm2、P2O5150 kg/hm2。

The effects of different NP levels on agronomic traits,yield and quality of spring maize were studied when potassium sulphate and trace elements balanced.The results showed that,N,P alone or with combined application can significantly improve the agronomic traits of maize.The maize agronomic traits was obviously improved by N applied,P applied promote heading for early maize,increasing grain number and 100-grain weight,reducing bare tip-length.Maize yield can substantially improved when different proportions of nitrogen and phosphorus,the yield was increased 10.7 ~ 18.3 kg per kg N and 9.9 ~ 10.8 kg per kg P2O5,separately.There is much effect on maize grain quality when fertilizing,than N,P alone application.The main limited factor is N when planting maize in calcaric cambisois soil,followed by P.The recommendated fertilizer is N 225 kg/hm2,P2O5 150 kg/hm2from the yield and quality.