厚板焊接残余应力的试验研究

Experimental Study on Welding Residual Stress of Thick Plate

通过盲孔法,测定了不同焊接接头、不同板厚、不同焊接工艺下厚板的焊接残余应力,在考虑了塑性影响的基础上,得到了厚板焊接残余应力的分布规律。分析讨论了焊接接头、板厚、焊接工艺以及焊接坡口大小对焊接残余应力分布的影响及原因。结果表明,采用自由焊工艺,可以减小焊接残余应力。而调整焊接顺序,则可以改变焊接残余应力的峰值位置。合理设计承载面的坡口大小,可以有效降低焊接残余应力对结构强度的影响。

With blind-hole drilling method, the welding residual stress of thick plate was measured under different welded joint types, plate thickness, and welding processes. Considering the plasticity effect, the distribution of welding residual stress in thick plate was obtained. Then, the effects of joint types, plate thickness, welding process, and groove dimensions on the welding stress distributions were discussed. The results show that： unconstrained structure can reduce the residual stress, and welding sequences adjustment can change the position of residual stress peak values, and proper groove dimensions can effectively reduce the effects of welding residual stress on the structure strength.