水环境痕量重金属检测的电化学传感器的研究

Study of Electrochemical Sensor for Trace Heavy Metals Detection in Aqueous Solutions

重金属是一种危险的污染物,往往长期积累在生物体内不可降解,在极其微量的情况下也会对各种生态系统产生不同程度的危害。文中采用汞膜玻碳圆盘电极,研制了一种用于监测水环境痕量重金属浓度的电化学传感器,基于差分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法(differential pulse anode stripping voltammetry,DPASV),实现了锌、镉、铅和铜4种元素的同时测定。结果表明:该传感器用于检测锌、镉、铅和铜的检出限分别为2.0μg/L、1.9μg/L、0.8μg/L和0.7μg/L.与其他重金属检测方法相比,该电化学传感器的特点是可同时快速检测多种重金属元素,传感器体积小,价格低,操作简单,灵敏度高,易于实现现场自动检测分析。

Heavy metals are one class of insidious contaminants that can do harm to the whole ecological systems to various extents even if they are present in extremely minute quantities, that is because their nonbiodegradable nature and ability to persist for long periods. This paper fabricated an electrochemical sensor for simultaneously detection of Zn （ Ⅱ ） , Cd （ Ⅱ ） , Pb （ Ⅱ ） and Cu （ Ⅱ ） in aqueous solutions based on the Hg-plated glass carbon disk electrode. Tests performing with differential pulse anode stripping voltammetry （DPASV） showed their detection limits were 2. 0 μg/L, 1.9 μg/L, 0. 8 μg/L and 0. 7 μg/L, respectively. In comparison with other heavy metals detection methods, the electrochemical sensor can detect multi-element heavy metals simultaneously with higher detection speed, lower cost, little space, and it＇ s easier to operate and can implement in-situ auto analysis.