新疆特早熟陆地棉纤维细胞发育过程的超微结构观察

Ultra-structural Observation on Fiber Cell Development of Xinjiang Early-maturing cotton

利用透射电镜观察新疆特早熟陆地棉新陆早36号纤维发育过程中的超微结构变化。在10DPA纤维细胞初生壁形成期,液泡占据纤维细胞中央,细胞质中有大量的线粒体、内质网、高尔基体等细胞器,初生壁较薄且厚度均匀;在20DPA时,纤维在初生壁内已明显有一层薄薄的次生壁的形成,细胞质中细胞器部分解体;随后次生壁增厚速度逐步加快,在30DPA到40DPA之间,纤维平均增厚速度约为每天0.139m,在40DPA到50DPA之间,纤维平均增厚速度约为每天0.47m。纤维细胞次生壁向内层逐步层层加厚,形成"日生长轮"。随着纤维细胞的脱水成熟,纤维细胞次生壁增厚使纤维中腔只剩下一条窄缝。观察结果表明,虽然特早熟陆地棉发育进程快,开花早,但纤维细胞的发育进程与所报道的其它棉花品种具有相似性。

The Ultra-structural developmental process of fiber cell from early maturing cotton （cv. Xinluzao 36） was observed by using transmission electron microscopy. At 10 DPA, when the primary cell wall of cotton fiber was thin and even thickness, and a big vacuole located at the central of fiber cell, there were many organelles, such as mitochondria, ribosomes and Golgi bodies in the cytoplasm. At 20 DPA, a thin layer of the secondary cell wall formed inside the primary cell wall clearly and a part of the organelles disappeared. Subsequently, the secondary cell wall thickened rapidly. The average thickness increased around 0. 139 m per day from 30 DPA to 40 DPA and around 0.47 m per day from 40 DPA to 50 DPA. The secondary cell wall gradually thickened and formed daily growth rings. Then the vacuum inside fiber cell became a narrow gap as the fiber maturing. Results showed that the fiber development process of early-maturing cotton was quite similar to other varieties reported, despite flowering and maturing earlier.