1990-2007年汶川县法定乙类传染病疫情分析

Epidemic Trend of Notifiable Communicable Diseases in Wenchuan County,1990-2007

目的分析汶川县法定乙类传染病流行状况,为制定防制措施提供依据。方法收集1990-2007年汶川县法定报告传染病疫情资料,用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果1990-2007年汶川县共报告乙类法定传染病22种,共计9987例,死亡12例。年平均发病率为522.26/10万,死亡率为11.30/10万,病死率为0.12%。发病率居前6位的是细菌性痢疾、甲肝、乙肝、肺结核、淋病、麻疹,分别为227.01/10万、91.46/10万、69.50/10万、64.27/10万、33.73/10万和15.22/10万。肠道传染病的年均发病率为323.85/10万,居各类传染病首位;血源及性传染病年均发病率为104.80/10万,居第2位;呼吸道传染病年均发病率为84.09/10万,居第3位;自然疫源及虫媒传染病年均发病率为8.58/10万,居第4位;新生儿破伤风年均发病率为0.94/10万,居第5位。结论1990-2007年汶川县年均发病率最高的是肠道传染病,年均发病率排第2～5位的分别为血源及性传染病、呼吸道传染病、自然疫源及虫媒传染病和新生儿破伤风。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of notifiable communicable diseases in Wenchuan county, so as to develop measures to prevent and control the diseases after May 12 Wenchuan earthquake. Methods Date of notifiable communicable diseases in Wenchuan county from 1990 to 2007 were collected and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the epidemic characteristics. Results From 1990 to 2007, 22 notifiable communicable diseases of class B were reported in Wenchuan with 9 987 cases including 12 deaths. The average annual morbidity was 522. 26/10^5 , the mortality was 11.30/10^5 and the case fatality rate was 0. 12%. The first 6 diseases with morbidity were bacterial dysentery （ 227.01/10^5 ）, hepatitis A （91.46/10^5） , hepatitis B （69.50/10^5 ）, pulmonary tuberculosis （64. 27/10^5 ）, gonorrhea （33.73/10^5 ） and measles （15.22/10^5）. The average annual morbidity of intestinal tract infectious ranked first （323.85/ 10^5） of all class A and B notifiabale diseases, blood borne and sex transmitted diseases ranked second （ 104.80/10^5 ）, respiratory diseases ranked third （ 84. 09/10^5 ）, natural focal diseases and the insect-borne infectious diseases ranked fourth （8.58/10^5 ）, and neonatal tetanus ranked fifth （0.94/10^5 ）. Conclusion During 1990-2007, the incidence of intestinal tract infectious was highest, followed by blood borne/sex transmitted diseases, respiratory diseases, natural focal diseases/ insect-borne infectious diseases and neonatal tetanus.