国际体系转型与新时期大国在中东的准联盟外交

International System Transformation and the Big Powers’ Quasi-alliance Diplomacy in the Middle East

二战爆发前,英、法、美、日等列强形成了多极格局,其中英法在中东开展了殖民外交,其本质是掠夺;二战后,美苏超级大国形成了两极格局,开展了联盟外交,其本质是控制;全球金融危机爆发后,"一超多强格局"向"后一超多强格局"演变,以美、俄、欧和日本为代表的大国和大国集团在中东谋求扩大军事影响,开展准联盟外交,其本质是维护军事安全。以中国为代表的转型国家也在中东开展准联盟外交,但主张在平等协商和共同繁荣的基础上应对共同发展问题,其本质是维护民生,中阿合作论坛、中国同埃及、沙特和苏丹等核心大国的双边合作机制以及中东热点问题解决机制是中国开展中东准联盟外交的三个主要平台。新时期大国在中东的准联盟外交是国际体系转型的必然结果,中东安全体系多元化、经济相互依赖和大国身份转变使大国在中东的准联盟外交各具特色。

To expand military influence, the U.S., Russia, EU and Japan have carried out quasi-alliance diplomacy in the Middle East. China has also initiated quasi-alliance diplomacy in the region, but emphasizing common development. Sino-Arab Forum, the bilateral cooperative mechanisms between China and core regional states, such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Sudan, as well as the consultative mechanism for the solution to the regional hot-spot issues are three major platforms for the implementation of China＇s quasi-alliance diplomacy. The big powers＇ quasi-alliance diplomacy results from the transformation of international system, featuring complex international security, interdependence and the change of these states＇ identities.