成分法计算钢铁的生态足迹

Calculating the ecological footprint of the iron & steel industry with a component approach

运用生态足迹成分法,研究了钢铁工业排放废水、废气等的生态足迹占用,并对中国钢铁工业生态足迹及其构成进行实证研究.结果表明,中国钢铁工业总的生态足迹随总产量的增加而增加,由2000年的1.89×108hm2增加到2006年的5.09×108hm2,年均增长率为17.99%,但低于钢铁总产量的年均增长率(21.78%).单位钢铁产量的生态足迹呈下降趋势,由2000年的1.4685hm2.t-1下降到2006年的1.2150hm.2t-1.2005年,钢铁工业的生态足迹主要由吸收二氧化碳所需要的林地(27.28%)、铁矿石的生态足迹占用(27.14%)、氮氧化物排放的生态足迹占用(18.94%)和能源地占用(18.70%)组成,四者合计高达92.06%(2005年).近年来,中国钢铁工业在节能减排方面取得一定成效,但钢铁工业高能耗、高污染的特征仍十分明显,要减少钢铁工业的生态足迹,关键是要减少能源和铁矿石的消耗,减少废水和废气的排放.

The ecological footprint of the iron ＆ steel industry in China was calculated by component analysis, particularly considering waste water and gas discharges. The main points of the results are as follows. ① The total ecological footprint （EF） of China iron ＆ steel industry is growing, from 1.89×10^8hm^2 in 2000 to 5.09 ×10^8hm^2 in 2006. ② The 17.99% yearly average increase of EF is lower than 21.78% of the total output of iron ＆ steel. The unit output ecological footprint of China＇s iron ＆ steel industry decreases every year, from 1. 4685 hm^2·t^-1 in 2000 to 1. 2150 hm^2·t^-1 in 2006. ③ Based on the 2005 data, the EF consists of four main aspects： the ecological footprints of CO2 （27.28%）, iron-ore（27.14% ）, NOx（ 18.94% ） and energy consumption（18.70% ）. In summary, ① the iron ＆ steel industry of China achieved initial success in energy conservation and emission reduction because the industry is characterized by high energy consumption and high pollution. ② The crux of reducing the ecological footprint of iron ＆ steel industry lies in decreasing energy and iron ore consumption, and cutting the discharge of waste water and waste gas.