关于水垫塘底板受力控制标准的探讨

Discussions on the standard of bottom slab stress control of water cushion pond

我国高拱坝采用水垫塘消能的工程大多沿用 １５×９８ ｋ Ｐａ 作为水垫塘底板所受动水压力的标准。通过分析这一标准的合理性及不足， 发现它不是底板失稳的直接原因， 而且也与溢洪道规范建议的计算公式不接轨， 建议采用动水压差代替动水压力。水垫塘底板所受动水荷载的标准应与水垫塘的地质情况、结构设计、施工控制标准相联系。建议通过深入的研究， 分几种典型的设计条件， 分别制定水垫塘可承受的动水压差的控制标准。

The high arch dams with using water cushion pond to dissipate energy mostly adopt the standard of 15(9 8 kPa as the acceptable dynamic water pressure of the bottom slab of water cushion pond Through analyzing the reasonableness and deficiency of such standard, we consider it is not the direct cause of bottom slab unsteady and cannot meet the requirements of the calculation equation suggested in the spillway norm So we suggest adopting the hydrodynamic pressure difference to replace the dynamic water pressure The acceptable standard of dynamic water load exerted on the bottom slab of water cushion pond should be related to the geological conditions, structure design and construction control standard of water cushion pond This paper suggests that in the deeply study, the control standard of acceptable hydrodynamic pressure difference on the bottom slab of water cushion pond should be formulated separately in accordance with several typical design conditions