碳纤维人工气管的设计及实验研究

Design and Study of Carbon Fiber Tracheal Prosthesis

气管因肿瘤、外伤、先天性疾病等原因需行气管部分切除。但当切除长度超过４．０ｃｍ时，对端吻合受限，这时人工气管就成为必需。选用１０条健康成犬做犬气管的生物力学测定，测出气管的拉伸比（λ）与应力（Ｔ）的关系、医用丝线对气管壁的挤压应力（（δｊＹ）、致气管完全塌陷的侧壁压力（Ｔｓ）、气管功能最大扭转角（φｍａｘ）、气管功能最大弯曲时截面上的转角（θｍａｘ）。根据上述数据，选用碳纤维和硅橡胶设计制造出直管型、分叉型人工气管。并选用２２条健康成犬分别做动物实验。结果表明，直管型人工气管又根据其外壁是否涂硅橡胶而分为实验组及对照组。验组人工气管外壁不涂硅橡胶均生存期为：３７９．８天。对照组人工气管外壁涂硅橡胶，平均生存期为：９０．４天。分叉型人工气管术后平均生存期为：４．３２天。直管型及分叉型人工气管组犬的主要死因均为感染及吻合口裂开。直管型实验组犬最长生存期为１７６２天，效果较好。分叉型人工气管实验结果较差，需进一步研究。

healty adult dogs were selected for this experiment. 10 of them were subjected to the tracheal biomechanics test using indices including the relation between stretcher ratio (λ) and stress (T), the squeeze stress (δ jy ) of medical silk thread on trachea, the side stress (Ts) inducing the tracheal collapse, the functional maximum angle (φ max ) of tracheal, and the sever area torsion angle (θ max ) of tracheal functional maximum curved. According to the indiees measured, two types of tracheal prosthesis were designed, and were made of carbon fiber and silicon. They were the straight tube type tracheal prosthesis and the bifurcate type tracheal prosthesis. The staight tube type tracheal prosthesis was studied with a design of two grops comprising a total of 11 dogs. In the experiment group (n=6), the oufen surface of the tube was not coated with silicon, the average survival period was 379.8 days. In the control group (n=5), the outer surface of the tube was coated with silicon, the average survival period was 90.4 days. The bifurcate type tracheal prosthesis was studied in 11 dogs, the average survival period was 4.32 days. The main causes of death in the experiment were infection and anastomotic dehiscent.