表现性评价及其在学前教育中的应用

Performance Assessment and Its Application in Early Childhood Education

表现性评价是建立在建构主义学习理论基础上的一种对儿童进行评价的新的理念和方法。它要求评价与儿童的生活经验相结合,力求反映儿童在真实的情景中如何理解知识和运用知识的能力,提倡在多种情景中运用多种手段和信息来源评价儿童。本文从符合儿童发展特点,有利于促进儿童的学习与发展以及有利于课程实施与有效教学的角度阐述了表现性评价对学前教育的意义,介绍了常用的表现性评价的方法及与其关系密切的非正式评价的方法,最后从提高幼儿教师的观察技能,把观察作为一个切入口等方面提出了教师学习运用表现性儿童评价方法的建议。

Performance assessment is a new idea and approach to child assessment, which is based on constructivist learning theory. It requires the combination of the assessment and children＇ life experience and may reflect children＇s ability in understanding and applying knowledge in real situation. Performance assessment also asks teachers to assess children by using multiple sources of information taking from different situations, and uses the information to improve teaching. The article illustrates the significance of performance assessment from three points of view; it then introduces frequently used performance assessment strategies and closely related informal assessment methods; at the end it raises the recommendation for using observation skill as a start to help teachers to learn how to us performance assessment.