人类学理论的范式变革与议程跳转——兼读阿兰·巴纳德《人类学历史与理论》

The Paradigm Shifts and Agenda Skippings of Anthropology—— an Introduction to Alan Barnard's History and Theory of Anthropology

在阿兰.巴纳德的"范式变革"与"议程跳转"视角下可以发现,人类学的思想演变历程具备了理论本身应有的逻辑脉络。人类学并不仅仅是对同一类问题的理论观点的不断更新,更是对不同的相关问题的连续探讨。议程跳转的发生是由于从业者们认识到对过去的问题反复进行研究意义不大,而在议程发生转换之后,许多新的理论范式又随之兴起。从历时性议题到共时性议题再到互动论议题,直至充满反思意味的后现代主义,人类学理论在跳转与变革中不断加深了对人类社会的认识。

According to the intrinsic logical relation, this paper reviews the main historical clue of anthropology theories within the perspective of ＂ paradigm shift＂ and ＂agenda skipping＂ offered in History and Theory of Anthropology by Alan Bamard. Anthropology doesn＇t only focus on the same group of questions which invoke a lot of theories, but discusses different related issues in its developing process as well. The emergence of agenda skipping is due to the fact that many skilled practitioners find the continuous research of the old issues doesn＇t have any significant meaning, yet after the agenda skipping, lots of new paradigm could be seen. From the synchronic agenda to the diaehronie agenda and later the interactionist agenda, till the Post-Modernism which is full of critical spirits, the anthropology theories constantly deepen the cognitive ability to the human society.