弗洛伊德和荣格对心理创伤的理解

Mental Trauma Understood by Freud and Jung

心理创伤一般指由天灾人祸所引发的一种强烈的情感反应,特别是危及生命的事件可导致心理创伤的发生。心理创伤可以影响整个人,包括身体、智力、情绪和行为的改变。弗洛伊德对创伤的理解包含三个成分,童年早期经历的事件的记忆,青春期后经历的事件的记忆及后期经历事件触发的对早年事件的记忆。弗洛伊德不关注创伤事件本身,而是强调创伤性记忆,他对创伤概念的理解来源于严格的线性、时序性的模型。荣格发展了一个从心理分离到形成不同情结的多元模型。荣格最初认为人格是分离的,后来他发现心理创伤是有情结的,它只是许多心理情结中的一种,而情结不仅有分离性,它也有聚合性。弗洛伊德强调人格是纵向分离,而荣格则强调人格是横向分离,横向分离形成情结。

Mental trauma refers to a type of strong psychological reaction to the disastrous events, especially those putting a person＇s life in danger. The mental trauma can impact greatly upon a person in many aspects, inflicting changes on him physically, mentally and behaviorally. According to Freud, a person＇s psychological trauma consists in the following three things： the memory of his childhood traumatic events, the memory of traumatic events experienced after his puberty, and the traumatic memory of the events in his earlier life triggered by what he experiences later. Freud focused on the memory of the traumatic events rather than the events proper, and his concept of trauma comes from the model characterized by a strict sense of linear and chrono- logical order. Jung, however, developed a pluralistic model featuring the development from the dissociation of psyche into the different complexes. He originally thought that personality is dissociative, but later he found that mental trauma is also one of the different types of psychological complexes, which are not only dissociative but also associative. Freud emphasized that personality is vertically dissociative, while Jung emphasized that personality is horizontally dissociative, thus leading to the formation of complex.