社区老年人生活质量状况与护理需求的调查

目的了解社区老年人的生活质量和对护理服务的需求情况及其影响因素,并提出相应对策,以提高老年人生活质量。方法选择珠海市香洲区某社区163名60岁以上老年人作为研究对象,使用自行设计的社区护理需求调查问卷以及生活质量调查表对其生活质量状况、社区护理需求情况及影响因素进行调查。结果163名老年人中患病105名(64.4%),患1种疾病65名(39.9%),患2种以上疾病98名(60.1%)。患病率居前6位的疾病是白内障(46.0%)、高血压(28.8%)、慢性支气管炎(5.5%)、糖尿病(4.9%)、胃病(4.3%)、风湿性关节炎(2.5%)。163名老年人中生活完全自理149名(91.4%)、部分自理12名(7.4%)、不能自理2名(1.2%)。有84.7%以上的老年人不知道社区护理、家庭病床、康复指导、日间护理中心、临终关怀和心理健康服务。结论老年人的社区护理服务利用率普遍较低。开展多种社区护理服务形式,预防和控制老年疾病的发生和加大健康教育的宣传力度和财政支出对提高老年人生活质量具有积极的意义。

Objective To learn the life quality of the elderly and the demands for community nursing and their causal factors, and to propose strategies to improve community nursing and raise the life quality of the elderly. Methods A total of 163 people over 60 years of age were selected from a community of Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai City. They were surveyed by self- made questionnaires on their life quality, demands for community nursing and their causal factors. Results Among the 163 elderly, 105 （64.4%） had different kind of diseases, 65 （39.9%） having one disease, and 98 （60.1%） having two or more diseases. The top five frequent diseases were cataract （46.0%）, hypertension （28.8%）, chronic bronchitis （5.5%）, diabetes （4.9%）, stomach ailment （4.3%） and rheumatic arthritis （2.5%）. Among the 163 elderly, 149 （91.4%） can self-help completely, 12 （7.4%） can self-help partially and 2（1.2% ） cannot self-help. Over 84.7% the elderly had no idea of community nursing, home bed, rehabilitation guidance, day care center and mental health service. Conclusions The elderly had low utilization rate of community service. To launch various modes of community service, to prevent senile diseases, and to enhance health education and financial expenditure are of importance to the improvement of life quality for the elderly.