9种杂草植物相对铝耐性的特征分析

The characteristic analysis on the relative aluminum tolerance for nine varieties of Gramineae and Compositae

通过对酸性土壤地区的铝毒污染进行高效、无污染的生物治理,可为作物生长提供良好的生存基础。试验采用小盆钵土培法,设置铝质量浓度为0.2g/kg,根据不同种禾本科和菊科植物的生物量、根冠比、叶面积和比叶面积评价了9种杂草植物对铝毒的响应,并对不同种类杂草植物对铝响应进行了筛选。结果表明:铝处理后,9种杂草植物中禾本科植物较菊科植物更耐铝。禾本科植物中牛筋草Eleusine indica和升马唐Digitaria ciliaris的相对根(干)鲜质量、相对地上部(干)鲜质量、相对叶(干)鲜质量较大,并且相对叶面积均较大。菊科植物旱莲草Eclipta prostrata的相对耐铝性较差,各相对耐性指标值均偏小。相关分析表明禾本科植物的相对根鲜质量、相对叶鲜质量和相对根干质量三者之间存在显著相关性。主成分分析结果显示,对禾本科和菊科植物进行耐铝性筛选时,均可用相对根鲜质量作为主要的筛选指标。

In order to control aluminum （Al） toxicity in acid soil area with biotechnological methods efficiently to, provide good living basis for crop production, nine plants of Gramineae and Compositae were tested for their reactions to Al toxicity by small-pot soil culture method. By comparing the relative tolerance index values through tested the Biomass, leaf area, ratio of root to top and specific leaf area （SLA） of different plants under two Al treatments, Al-resistant plants were screened. The results showed that the plant of Gramineae was more Al-resistant than the plant of Compositae after Al treatment of 0.2 g/kg. The relative fresh weight of roots, shoots and leaves, relative dry weight of root, shoot and leave and relative root-shoot ratio in Eleusine indica and Digitaria ciliaris of Gramineae were higher than others. Eclipta prostrate of Compositae was sensitive to Al, the values was the lowest one. There was significant correlation in relative fresh weight of root and leave and relative dry weight of root of Gramineae. The result of principal component analysis showed that relative fresh weight of roots could be used as screening index of Al tolerance in Gramineae and Compositae.