出口、外商直接投资与中国制造业就业

Export,FDI and Employment in Manufacturing Industries of China

本文利用中国1999—2007年329个制造业面板数据,从产出规模、生产效率及劳动需求弹性三个层面,考察出口和外商直接投资(FDI)对中国全部制造业、不同要素密集型制造业、不同所有制类型制造业劳动需求当期及滞后调整的影响。结论可概括为以下四个方面:(1)出口和FDI通过产出、生产效率、劳动需求弹性对制造业劳动需求的影响在当期和滞后期存在较大区别。(2)出口和FDI通过产出的扩张对制造业劳动需求产生显著且重要的影响。(3)出口开放度和FDI在制造业的不同渗透率通过生产效率对劳动需求产生显著影响,对不同要素密集型制造业的影响存在显著区别。(4)出口开放度和FDI在制造业渗透率的变化会显著改变制造业劳动需求弹性,且对不同所有制制造业存在显著区别。

In this paper, I try to clarify three different impacts of export and FDI on the employment in manufacturing industries of China. Based on the panel data covering 329 detailed manufacturing industries between the year 1999 and 2007, this empirical work yields four main results. First, there is difference between the current and lagged impact of FDI and export on employment in manufacturing industries. Second, the output impact of FDI and export on employment is significant and important. Third, the efficiency impact of FDI and export on employment is also significant. However, the significance of this efficiency impact depends on the factor ratio properties in manufacturing industries. Four, the labor-demand elasticity on wage is associated with the export openness and FDI penetration, which empirical results are closely related to the ownership characteristics of manufacturing industries in China.