生产率增长与要素再配置效应：中国的经验研究

Productivity Growth and Factor Reallocation:China's Empirical Study

本文使用跨产业面板数据,对1985—2007年中国经济总体和工业部门的生产率增长和要素再配置效应进行了比较、分析和评估,并剖析了影响要素再配置效应的主要因素。本文分析和论证了:(1)无论使用数据包络分析法,还是随机前沿生产函数法,都得出相似的结果,即全要素生产率增长率经历了改革后到1993年的剧烈波动,在1993—2007年期间出现下降趋势。(2)要素再配置效应作为生产率增长的一个来源,在改革后的表现差强人意,在经济总体6部门和工业部门都表现为要素再配置的贡献效应较低。劳动要素的结构变化伴随着经济6部门的劳动生产率增长,但工业的劳动生产率的总配置效应为负值。(3)工业部门和经济总体的资本生产率再配置效应均为负数。(4)由于部门内部要素配置的不合理和要素在部门间配置的扭曲造成要素总配置效应较小,表明中国要素配置对生产率的贡献效应仍有较大的空间,说明继续完善市场机制,纠正资源配置扭曲任务的艰巨性和长期性。

This paper analyzes the TFP growth and factor reallocation effects for the case of 6 macroeconomic sectors and 14 manufacturing during the period 1985--2007, and demonstrates the basic statements based on the understanding of theoretical correlation between factor reallocation and TFP growth. The main conclusions and findings are listed as follows： （a） The results of TFP growth are similar, measured with either Solow residuals or data envelopment analysis. （b）The factor reallocation effects are minimal not only for 6 sectors and 14 manufacturing. It turns out that the 6 sectors have considerably larger labor allocation effect than the manufacturing sub-sectors. （c） Manufaeturing＇s aggregate capital productivity and capital reallocation are larger than 6 sectors. Six sectors have negative reallocation figures of total factor productivity since the structure of capital factor between individual sectors is more unbalanced than manufacturing.