汽车车外噪声分析预测的声场空间变换方法

Sound field space transformation method for analysis and forecast of vehicle exterior noise

以某载货汽车为研究对象,利用近场声全息和声场空间变换方法对其车外噪声进行了分析预测。建立了近场声全息测量系统,开发了声场空间变换分析软件,对被试汽车进行了车外噪声源的测试与分析。对汽车远场噪声特性和车外最大加速噪声进行了分析、预测,通过试验验证了远场噪声预测结果的有效性。并对用声场空间变换方法预测汽车加速行驶车外最大加速噪声产生误差的原因进行了分析。结果表明,在获得近场全息面上噪声测量数据的基础上,利用声场空间变换方法可对远场任意重建面的声场分布特性进行预测,并对形成该平面声场的主要噪声源进行识别,还可以对汽车加速行驶时的车外最大加速噪声进行近似预测。

The exterior noise of a truck was analyzed and predicted with the near-field acoustic holography（NAH） and the space transformation of sound field（STSF）.A measurement system of the NAH was built,a software of the STSF was developed,and they were used to measure and analyze the exterior noise source of the truck.The far-field noise characteristics and the maximal noise outside the accelerating truck were analyzed and predicted.The predicted far-field noise was validated by experiments,and the reasons causing error in acceleration noise prediction were discussed.The results showed that based on the near-field holographic face measurement data,the sound field of the far-field arbilrary reconstruction face can be predicted with the STSF,the main noise source to form the planar sound field in that face can be identified,and the exterior maximal vehicle acceleration noise can be approximately predicted.