俗赋的发现及其文学史意义

The Discovery of Popular Fu and Its Significance on Literary History

敦煌俗赋和西汉俗赋的出土,使学术界认识到,在文人的骋辞大赋和抒情小赋之外,民间还流行一种用通俗的语言讲诵故事、互相论辩的俗赋。文人赋是铺显才学的一种案头读物,传抄阅读是其最主要的流传形式;俗赋主要通过各种仪式,以"诵""唱"的方式传播。敦煌俗赋从文体上可以分为故事俗赋、论辩俗赋和歌谣体俗赋三种类型,我们用这三种类型及其特点对照考察先秦时期的文献,会从中发现诸多相同或相近的作品,这种考察会使我们对赋的起源有一个更为明晰的认识:故事俗赋是在早期民间讲诵寓言故事的基础上发展而来的,论辩俗赋是在民间争奇斗胜伎艺的基础上产生的,而在民间歌谣基础上形成的则是歌谣体俗赋。俗赋在发生、发展过程中,与其它诸多文体有着千丝万缕的关系。

The excavation of the popular fu in Dunhuang and of the Western Han Dynasty has refreshed the academic records. We can type the Dunhuang popular fu into three sections： story, debate and balled. Making contrastive inspections into the documents of the Pre-Qin period in the light of the threestyle and their characteristics, we can find many works identical or closely related which give us a better understanding of the origin of fu.