东北地区野生百合的核型研究

Study on Karyotypes of Lilium Species Native to Northeast China

利用染色体根尖压片法对原产于我国东北的卷丹、毛百合、朝鲜百合、大花百合、大花卷丹、有斑百合、细叶百合、垂花百合、东北百合和黄花渥丹6种3变种1变型野生百合进行了染色体核型分析。结果表明:除卷丹是三倍体(2n=3x=36)外,其他均为二倍体(2n=2x=24)。卷丹的核型为2n=3x=3m(3SAT)+3sm(3SAT)+21st+9t;毛百合的核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT)+2sm(2SAT)+14st+4t;细叶百合的核型为2n=2x=4m(2SAT)+14st+6t;朝鲜百合的核型为2n=2x=6m(2SAT)+12st+6t;垂花百合的核型为2n=2x=6m(6SAT)+6st+12t;大花卷丹的核型为2n=2x=4m(2SAT)+8st+12t;有斑百合核型为2n=2x=4m+2sm+14st+4t;大花百合的核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT)+2sm(2SAT)+8st+10t;东北百合的核型为2n=2x=4m(2SAT)+2sm+12st(2SAT)+6t(2SAT);黄花渥丹的核型为2n=2x=4m(4SAT)+6st+14t(4SAT)。核型分类除毛百合属于3A型,其他都属于3B型。其中有斑百合与大花百合的核型接近,亲缘关系较近;卷丹与其他百合的核型有很大差异,亲缘关系最远。

The karyotypes of Lilium species native to Northeast China,L.lancifolium Thunb.,L.dauricum Ker-Gaw.,L.amabile Palib.,L. leichtlinii Hook.f.var.maximowiczii Baker,L.cernuum Komar.,L. concolor Salisb.var.buschianum（Lodd.） Baker,L.pumilum DC.,L.concolor var.megalanthum Wang et Tang,L.distichum Nakai et Kamibayashi and L.concolor var.concolor f.coridion Kitag were observed with the method of ordinary tablet compressing.The results indicated that the chromosome number was 2n=2x=24 in all the species except that of 2n=3x=36 in L.lancifolium Thunb..The karyotype formula was 2n=3x=3m（3SAT）＋3sm（3SAT）＋21st＋9t for L.lancifolium.,2n=2x=4m（4SAT）＋2sm（2SAT）＋14st＋4t for L.dauricum,2n=2x=4m（2SAT）＋14st＋6t for L.pumilum,2n=2x=6m（2SAT）＋12st＋6t for L.amabile,2n=2x=6m（6SAT）＋6st＋12t for L.cernuum,2n=2x=4m（2SAT）＋8st＋12t for L.leichtlinii var.maximowiczii,2n=2x=4m＋2sm＋14st＋4t for L.concolor var.buschianum,2n=2x=4m（4SAT）＋2sm（2SAT）＋8st＋10t for L.concolor var.megalanthum,2n=2x=4m（2SAT）＋2sm＋12st（2SAT）＋6t（2SAT） for L.distichum,2n=2x=4m（4SAT）＋6st＋14t（4SAT） for L.concolor var.concolor f.coridion. The karyotype of all the species was 3A except for L.dauricum Ker-Gaw.with 3B.Comparatively,the karyotypes of L.concolor var.megalanthum and L. concolor var.buschianum were similar and genetically close,but L.lancifolium had the farthest relationship with other Lilium species.